Social Media s Eroding Our Privacy Essay - 1312 Words

Connie Yonn English 3 Professor Jawad September 24, 2016 Social Media and U.S Surveillances Eroding our Privacy The emerge of our privacy invasion has mount with government surveillance by the U.S national security system (Baumer, Roth, Epstein, 2014). Government surveillance and social website such as Facebook, Twitter, Google, and YouTube are source of privacy invasion (Cole, 2015). Connecting to social website to communication with friends, family, and co-worker; sharing, updating news, and information which overcast privacy according to Cole, 2015. Many Americans became occupied to social media and forget to think about the important of confidentiality and privacy. Multiple surges website captured personal profile once information shared with the media. This information became accessible to the public, and privacy can no longer be private that lead to the erosion of privacy (Cole, 2015) In the â€Å"Journal of Information Policy 4† Baumer, Roth, and Epstein in 2014 said, â€Å"The right to privacy† and â€Å"The right t o be let alone† is the initial corner stone of civil liberties and legal rights to all Americans. But, today society, privacy isn’t privacy anymore. The meaning of privacy has changed and left to believe that shared information on social website is deeming for invasion. According to Cole, the U.S government surveillance called the Foreign Surveillance Act (FISA) passed into law in 1978 created possible boundless, unrestricted secrets and billions of messages areShow MoreRelatedHow Social Media Influenced A Community And A Country1744 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough technology and social media, millions of strangers come together to support this broken family financially and physically. The story flooded social media, as friends, family, and friends of friends shared this tragic story. Donations were collected to help the family and monetary donations came in over several weeks and months from all over the world (Lincoln). This is one example of how social media influenced a community and a country. This is one way social media has influenced a familyRead MoreDisadvantages Of Gossip1317 Words   |  6 Pageshelped individuals learn social information about those that they were in close contact with at an organization without having to have met them first. It helped group members keep each other up to date with the current affairs of the organization and the social affairs of the workplace with having to invest too much time using more formal channels of obtaining information. Gossip was observed to be behavior that was fundamental to human nature and one that served to maintain social order in groups. 4 Read MoreStructure Of The Research: .Definition Of Brand Trust1494 Words   |  6 Pagesbuilding any kind of relationship. The definition of trust, according Oxford Dictionary is â€Å"Firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something†. From finance to friendship and even the content of our food, we need to trust in brands every day as we trust our family or friends. Notwithstanding the numerous definitions of brand trust, there are two general definitions for trust exploring the matter from different angles. Brand trust is the willingness of the average consumerRead MoreCyber Space : The World Of Cyberspace3164 Words   |  13 PagesWELCOME TO THE WORLD OF Cyberspace Welcome Page Cyber Space Evolution Privacy Government Privacy Threats Privacy Threats Cont. SMART CYBER Reference Page ARE WE SAFE IN CYBERSPACE? 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Marketing manager is the key person to do the marketing manager is very unique 7 significant depending on the business team size respectively. Marketing management is the part of the strategy planning in the corporateRead MoreUse and Abuse of Computers5450 Words   |  22 PagesUSE AND ABUSE OF COMPUTERS IN THE WORKPLACE by Bob Gregg Boardman Clark LLP One South Pinckney Street, 4th Floor P. O. Box 927 Madison, WI 53701-0927 Telephone (608) 283-1751 rgregg@boardmanclark.com Our major form of workplace communication is becoming electronic. People do not have faceto-face, oral conversations. Email is taking over. It is fast, efficient—and dangerous. Employees just rip off an email with far less thought or editing than a letter. 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Most of my information source has been from professional books of banking sector Project Guide- Prof: GOURI KUNDU We would firstly like to express my gratitude towards our college†MURSHIDABAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY†which has given us an opportunity to do a project on†ONLINE BANKING SYSTEM† guide PROF:GOURI KUNDU for having shown so much of flexibility guiding in such a way that we were really learning

Healthcare Systems And The Healthcare System - 1554 Words

The predominant healthcare system problems in America should be conceptualized from the perspectives of the healthcare organization administrators inclusive of the people with business skills as well as healthcare providers. The issue of crisis in healthcare organizations is highly complex, and the researcher is mainly focused on unearthing the use of public relations in addressing the complex health crisis events in the United States’ current healthcare system and to offer recommendations for the problems that would ensure the continuity of the business during crisis events. This chapter will offer a wide overview of the United Sates healthcare system and its various related issues and ways of solving such problems mainly through crisis†¦show more content†¦Birth stage- The organization failed to prevent the crisis at the conception stage and has now been born. The public is aware of the crisis, and the organization can no longer hide it. Timely intervention models a nd creative measures are applicable here to minimize adverse effects for further damages. Growth stage- here, the crisis is natured and is escalating at the faster rate. The organization is trembled hence attract negative media publicity that attracts the interest of the public. Maturity stage- the crisis has reached climax at this stage after defiling other stages. This stage is nasty to the organization, and the management makes decisions such as employing PR professionals to address the crisis. Decline stage- here, the crisis is responding to the various corrective measures adopted at the maturity stage. The public disappointment with the organization is resettled, and the organization is put under control. 2.5 Privatization and Healthcare in America The healthcare system in America is very involved. The administration of President Clinton dedicated two years focusing on the development of a system of healthcare for every American. The administration was incapable of reaching a consensus that met the needs of the wide consortium of healthcare stakeholders and issues involved in health. In the present healthcare political environment, the healthcare managers mustShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Systems And The Healthcare System939 Words   |  4 PagesWith every civilian in an industrialized country there is people who get sick, and or injured. When they get injured or sick they need medical attention and healthcare. A healthcare system is defined as ‘A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.’ With that help usually comes with a big bill f or the services providedRead MoreHealthcare Systems Of The Healthcare System Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesHealthcare business comprises of various systems that focus to address the needs of clients and patients who entirely rely on the services of these facilities for prevention, treatment, and cure of diseases. Some of these systems include home health care, hospice care, and palliative care and assisted living. This paper will focus on three healthcare systems of interest and discuss the relevance of 5 Ps of healthcare marketing. Additionally, the paper will also elaborate the potential impact of theseRead MoreHealthcare Systems And The Healthcare System1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe healthcare system in the developing countries is facing significant challenges. Despite the high expenditure on health, it has been noted that weak systems and facilities that do not have resources are contributing to poor health outcomes. With the challenges that are affecting the healthcare syste m in the developing nations, the information technology presents a good solution (Cline Luiz, 2013). The information technology has the potential to improve the healthcare system by reducing the costsRead MoreHealthcare Systems And The Healthcare System1762 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract: The US healthcare is an unstable system, even with the recent implementation of the Affordable Care Act the need to improve several components of this act, prevent it from being the model of universal healthcare which is needed for our nation. Systematically, our healthcare system has been led by insurance payers and big pharma and not by what is best for the patients/consumer. There are many variables which contributed to the challenges within our current healthcare system, the centralizationRead MoreHealthcare And The Healthcare System Essay1835 Words   |  8 PagesIt is said that a healthy nation is a wealthy nation. Healthcare is an important concern for every government as people get ill, accidents happen, emergencies arise and the health institutions are needed to diagnose, manage and treat the different types of ailments or diseases that may arise. The healthcare industry is divided into several areas in order to meet the health needs of anyone and everyone. All over the w orld, the healthcare structures are different to accommodate specific needs of theRead MoreHealthcare Systems Vs. Healthcare1241 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction There is a variety of healthcare systems around the world that have similar features but also many differences. The purpose of this paper is to compare various components of healthcare systems in Australia and the U.S and reveal strengths and weaknesses in both systems. United States Capitalism, entrepreneurialism, individualism, and belief in technological and scientific advancement have shaped the U.S healthcare system and still impact how health services are provided to the AmericanRead MoreThe American Healthcare System Is the Healthcare System Broken?2906 Words   |  12 PagesThe American Healthcare System Is the Healthcare system in America really broken? If is broken how and why it broken is and can it be fixed? Two simple questions, without a simple answer to either. In this paper were going to try and answer these questions and a few other important questions about the healthcare system in our country. The paper is broken up in to three sections. In section one, we will discuss the problems with the American Healthcare system and we will try and clear upRead MoreHealthcare System2638 Words   |  11 PagesThe U.S. health care system is the subject of much differentiating debates. On one side we have those who argue that Americans have the â€Å"best health care system in the world†, pointing to our freely available medical technology and state-of-the-art facilities that have become so highly symbolic of its system. On the hand we have those who criticize the American system as being fragmented and inefficient, pointing to the fact that America spends more on health care than any other country in the worldRead MoreHealthcare Systems Vs. Australian Healthcare System1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe following paper is based on the differences between two healthcare systems in two different countries, these systems are the Australian healthcare system which is Medicare, and Englan d’s National health system which is known as the NHS. Starting with the organizational structure of the NHS, it is basically an umbrella organization that comprises of four regional branches, in particular, NHS (England), NHS Scotland, Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland and NHS Wales. The financing for allRead MoreHealthcare Systems And The United States Healthcare System Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract   Universal Healthcare sounds appealing, but it actually lowers the quality and quantity of healthcare services that are rendered to patients, thus downgrading the healthcare system as a whole.   Not having to pay, with everyone having coverage leads to longer wait times for medical service and many people overusing health care services. Implementation of Universal Healthcare in the United States would lead to a detrimental crippling of the nation’s health system. For those countries that

Charles Dickens Great Expectations free essay sample

A look at illusion and truth in Charles Dickens novel, `Great Expectations`. This paper takes a look at all that is illusion and truth in the classic Dickens novel, Great Expectations. The author includes many quotes from the text as he explores the two themes. Social status and class are also addressed. There are many common, familiar cliches about illusion versus truth. All that glitters is not gold and Things are seldom what they seem are the most universal hackneyed phrases, but they do not cover entirely every aspect of appearance versus reality. In Charles Dickens novel, Great Expectations, there are several differences between the illusion and the truth. The appearance of certain things is often detrimental to the outcomes of characters when the reality of a situation is revealed. These illusions are revealed through Pip, a lower class boy caught in the struggle of the social classes of 19th century England. We will write a custom essay sample on Charles Dickens Great Expectations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout the book, Charles Dickens emphasizes the difference between appearance and reality through Pips expectations of something better, social status, and settings in the book.

Person Health Assesment Essay Example

Person Health Assesment Paper Personal health is a term that is used to refer to one’s state of complete physical, mental and social well being. In addition it includes absence of diseases in one’s body. Every person requires being healthy in order to carry out his or her daily routine effectively and on time. It is for this reason that each person carries out his or her personal health assement. For the last one year I have not had any serious health problems, though from time to time I have had minor body ailments. My mental health has been good, I have not experienced  Ã‚   depression, stress or other mental-related diseases .I have been able to use my cognitive and emotional capabilities, function well and meet my everyday life demands .I also feel capable and complete, can handle stress, live an independent life as I maintain satisfying relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Person Health Assesment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Person Health Assesment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Person Health Assesment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My body measurements are above average. This includes my height and weight. Normal weight has been through improved nutrition and health care. Proper nutrition protects the body from weight-related diseases or disorders. I have not had any allergic diseases . A wide variety of food types can be eaten without developing allergic complications. This has been an advantage in balancing my diet. No chemicals or environmental sensitivies have been observed. Therefore I have been able to stay in varying environments especially those that assist me in keeping me healthy .For example, I have gone camping and hiking in areas that other people are allergic to (their components). My blood sugar level has been normal as required by the body .I go for examination very often .In addition, my blood pressure is fine as confirmed by the doctor’s examination. This is due to proper nutrition where components that cause these diseases are only consumed in required levels .I have had digestive problems and diarrhoea at least once per month. This is usually experienced when I take food types that I have not taken for a long time. I rarely get headaches or migraines, unless when I’m exposed to extreme weather conditions or very loud music. No skin disorders or sleep problems have bee experienced. Problems that I may experience include backaches due to my working under strenuous conditions sometimes .I’m also prone to not taking enough water every day as required. This may result to constipation. . Digestive problems and diarrhoea may arise due to my tendency to eat foods that I have not eaten for a long time when I come across them. If I expose myself to extreme weather conditions or very loud music, I’m likely to get headaches or migraines. High cholesterol levels in my body are a possible in future, since sometimes I take high-cholesterol foods much often. Strategies that can optimize wellness in later life for me and for others are very critical in Proper nutrition assists in regulation of food components that one puts into the body. One avoids taking disease-causing components if taken in large amounts, while eating foods that boost the immune system. Also helps prevent deficiency in the body. Physical exercises maintain the physical fitness of the body .It prevents diseases like cancer, heart disease, obesity and a back pain .It promotes healthy weight, healthy bones and strengthens immune system. Keeping warm during the cold weather keeps one from catching a common cold or a running nose. Positive thinking, building confidence in one’s self and meditation helps reduce stress which may cause mental disorders. Ensuring proper hygiene of the body and the surroundings prevents infections and illnesses. Proper medication should always be sought in case of an illness to prevent serious complications. Consultation should be with a competent physician .All these ensure good personal health. References Yahoo! Health: Diet and Fitness, Mind and Mood, Longevity, Conditions. www.Health.yahoo.com Accessed on April 16 2008. www.health.com.Health articles and Medical Information from Health.com Accessed on April 16 2008.

5 steps to finding a job in another state

5 steps to finding a job in another state A new job can often take you to a new, exciting place. But what if you’re ready for the excitement of a change of scenery, but don’t know where to start when it comes to finding a new job? Whether you need to move for family reasons or are simply unsatisfied with your current location, here’s a few steps to hone your job search and up your chances of landing a gig from far away. Step 1: Research your optionsLocation, location, location is the mantra of the house hunter, but it should also be the mantra of the job seeker. Not only is it important to research where the jobs are within your industry, it’s also important to narrow your search to the location that will satisfy and support the rest of your life. Whether you’re looking for the nearest metro center within driving distance of family, or you want to be on the coast, or you just want to live in a place with a lower cost of living, getting as much information as possible before you start your j ob search is key. Does a particular city have a subway system or bus? Would you bike to work or drive? Are you looking for better weather or one of the nation’s healthiest cities? It’s important to prioritize locations that will work better for you and support your reasons for moving in the first place.Then, once you zero in on your ideal locations, make sure you also research the area for practical day-to-day issues: housing, travel, and cost of living. The median salary in a new location may be less than what you’re used to and can filter you out of contention for the perfect job in the perfect area. When you’re searching from far away, and you don’t already have a lay of the land, this is something important to keep in mind. Also, be sure to check if certain cities have a local job search network, as many do. Local sites may help you learn more about a new place in addition to finding more opportunities in a particular area.Step 2: NetworkDoes y our current job have possible transfer opportunities? Do you have personal or professional contacts in your preferred area? Referrals are a time-tested avenue for employers to find good hires- and that’s a two-way street. Put the word out on social media and your text chains and see what opportunities people in your desired location already know about. Also, chances are your alumni network has contacts in your new desired area. Take advantage of whatever resources and contacts you have that can get you an â€Å"in† with the place you want.Step 3: ApplyWhen applying, consider the perspective of your potential employers. You don’t want to become automatically disqualified simply for having an out-of-state address. It’s often more practical for an organization to hire local talent rather than consider having to cover transportation or moving costs for quality candidates. So leave your address off the resume and cultivate a compelling reason for why you want to move to a new area. Providing a good, honest reason for your desire to move and presenting the choice in a positive light for your professional advance can show a future employer that you are a serious candidate.Step 4: Sharpen your Skype skillsEven though almost everything is online, job-searching from another state will present a challenge when you get close to the interview process. Taking a transatlantic flight for a first-round interview may prove costly and impractical if the job opportunity doesn’t pan out. Interviewing in person is very different than interviewing via Skype or by phone. Don’t be afraid to ask if this is a possibility for first-round interviews. And practice your Skype performance: find a quiet, clean, and properly lit spot to do your online interviews, pay for quality WiFi to prevent dropped calls, and get used to making eye contact with the camera rather than the screen.Step 5: Realize you might need to compromiseSometimes a great job oppor tunity will lead you to another state, but it’s a little harder to do this in reverse. This doesn’t mean you will need to automatically take a pay cut, but if you prioritize location, you may need to budge somewhere else. You might not get the ideal job in the ideal location. So, if you really need to move, you need a back-up plan. Find a starter job in your ideal location where you can stay for a while and continue your job search from a stronger position once you’ve moved.

Taking the Train in France Master Typical French Train Announcements

Taking the Train in France Master Typical French Train Announcements Youve studied the train related French vocabulary, read my 7 tips you should know before taking the train to France, read my 20 questions and answers to know when traveling by train, so now, lets practice with some typical train announcements in French. â€Å"Le TGV 8330 en provenance de Paris Montparnasse et destination de Tours va rentrer en gare voie 6.   Il dessert les gares de ..., et Tours, son terminus. Les rà ©servations sont obligatoires dans ce train. Nous vous rappelons que dà ©sormais, l’à ©tiquetage des bagages est obligatoire. Pour votre sà ©curità ©, à ©loignez-vous de la bordure du quai†. The TGV coming from Paris Montparnasse and going to Tours is going to enter the station track 6. It stops at the stations of... and Tours, it’s final stop. Bookings are needed for this train. We would like to remind you that from now on, writing your name on your luggage is compulsory. For your security, please stay away from the edge of the platform†. â€Å"Bienvenue dans le TER 5506 destination de Guingamp. Ce train desservira les gares de Paimpol, ...† Welcome in the TER 5506 going to Guingamp. This train will stop at the following stations: Paimpol, ...† â€Å"Gare de Pontrieux. Une minute d’arrà ªt. Correspondance pour Paris voie A. Pour votre sà ©curità © attention l’espace entre le train et la bordure du quai†. Pontrieux station. One minute stop. Connection to Paris on track A. For your security, mind the gap between the train and the platform†. â€Å" cause de travaux sur la route, nous vous informons que notre TGV va rester en gare pendant 10 minutes. Nous nous excusons pour le retard occasionnà ©Ã¢â‚¬ . Because of roadworks, (we are telling you that) our TFV is going to stay in the station for 10 minutes. Please accept our apologies for the delay†. â€Å" cause des grà ¨ves, le TGV en provenance de Lyon sera retardà © de 30 minutes. Merci de prendre contact avec un agent de la SNCF pour plus d’informations†. Because of the strikes, the TGV coming from Lyon will be 30 minutes late. Please contact an SNCF agent for more information. â€Å"Mesdames, messieurs, dans quelques instants notre TGV desservira la gare de Pontrieux. Une minute d’arrà ªt. Assurez-vous de ne rien avoir oublià ©.† Ladies and gentlemen, in a few minutes our TGV will enter Pontrieux station. One minute stop. Make sure you don’t forget anything. â€Å"Toute l’à ©quipe de la SNCF vous remercie pour votre confiance et espà ¨re vous revoir trà ¨s bientà ´t sur le rà ©seau†. The SNCF team thanks you for your trust and hopes to see you again very soon on our network. â€Å"Au nom de la SNCF et de l’à ©quipe TGV, je vous souhaite une bonne journà ©e.† On behalf of SNCF and the TGV team, I wish you good day. I post exclusive mini lessons, tips, pictures and more daily on my Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest  pages - so join me there! https://www.facebook.com/frenchtoday https://twitter.com/frenchtoday https://www.pinterest.com/frenchtoday/ Follow these links for more of my taking the train in France related articles: - ​French Train Vocabulary,- 7 Need-to-Know Facts Before You Take the Train in France- 20 Typical QA Youll Use When Taking the Train in France- Master Train Announcements in French- Lets Take the Train Together - Bilingual French English Story​

Anallysis 2 cases study Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anallysis 2 cases - Case Study Example The brand mantra followed by Hello Kitty is just not about cuteness but appealing to more than children and thus appears on adult properties. The core value may be along well to the Point of Difference (POD). This is because the consumer believes that anybody shall not find the same attribute in other brands as that in Hello Kitty and relates Hello Kitty with cuteness. One of the most compelling factors that tend to differentiate Hello Kitty and create competitive advantage against its competitors is that the brand does not hold any stories along with a pre determined traits. The simple but overused differentiator sets the brand apart from the competitors. Value chain: Hello Kitty does not involve any promotional strategy to create awareness about its brand but the brand is enhanced through its partners, merchandise and word of mouth that may be highly attributed towards the development of brand value. So the target market has extended from children to teenagers above the age group of 20 and perceives the brand to be cute irrespective of any similarity with any cartoon character. As stated in the case study, about 500 products are launched every month that indicates the popularity of the brand. Hello kitty products are available from pencil, to clothing to accessories to bags, instruments, mobiles, beer bottles. Hello kitty has been able to influence the mindset of the consumers as the brand has been able to appeal across all age groups. In case of Hello Kitty the brand does not follow any character of any cartoon shown in television or any stories or gimmicks. Hello Kitty is a cat that tends to appear on every possible thing from jeweler to pencil. The brand logo is available on each of its product and its personality has been created mainly trough merchandise starting from a symbol on purse. The brand follows a simple rule of â€Å"small gift, big smile† that has helped it to achieve success. Prada has segmented its product to niche segment and have

Founding a new nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Founding a new nation - Essay Example The constitution will have a few sections divided on the base of power and responsibility and will then be further divided into laws. It will protect the rights of the people as citizens of the island to have liberty, freedom of opinion and law will be protected by the constitution which in return will protect the citizens, their property and will make sure everyone is given their due respect. Protection of land and responsibilities of the state and people will be clearly defined in the constitution. If any law made is inconsistent with the constitution, then the law will be considered as void. The democratic government will have the power of the state with the government as president and a congress and a legislative. This idea is inherited from the government of the United States as it proved to be very effective over the years (Maier,  2010, p.  35). The government will be decided by the people of the island. There will be no role for the vice president but the ministry of inte rior and foreign affairs will be responsible to run the affairs along with the president. In case of a threat or mishap, the congress can elect an acting president from themselves. The qualifications of the president and the people in congress and civil services will be defined. Dual nationals will not be allowed to hold a government office but may act as consultants. The president will be the supreme commander of the military and may grant pardon to anyone. The congress can convict the president based on a set of evidence that will be decided as sufficient by the Supreme Court judiciary. The president is responsible to make sure that law is followed by everyone and the congress will be the body to keep a check and balance on the president and his/her activities by making it compulsory for the president to justify his actions based on law for the orders he issues. Once the power distribution is clear, the legislative system will be set. The highest court will be Supreme Court. A pet ition can be filed in Supreme Court if the lower courts have already decided on it and the convicted person has either life imprisonment or death penalty applied. The Supreme Court will issue the final verdict and such convicts will have a last option to plea with the president of the island. Supreme Court can also take suo motu actions on law and order situations if they deem the case is not being taken up by anyone but is essential to provide justice or maintain law and order situation on the island. The final type of case the Supreme Court will be entertaining will be related to the president if the case is filed by a member of the senate or congress. Maintaining federal relationships will include a hierarchy in which the mayors and judicial systems will be allowed to present a quarterly report on performance and check the prosperity index on the nation. The report will include a feedback session from these entities as well which will comprise of statistically collected data that will reflect views of the citizens belonging to a specific town. This will ensure constant quality check and improvement parameters of a town. Awareness programs and other basic necessities as education, health and security will be the responsibility of the mayors as finance ministers and process design implementers. Maintaining a healthy market for competition, providing equal opportunity, spreading awareness of job market condition, grooming future generation and equipping them with necessary skills will be a part of the

Media Communications Feedback Essay Example for Free

Media Communications Feedback Essay Well, after a careful review of your plan, I noted the following issues. You need to address them before implementing the plan. The target population of your message is predominantly African-American women aged 20-49. The statistics you are using do not include other groups who could be a contributing factor to the high levels of infections and deaths. For instance, what are the figures for infected males in the community? For you to achieve better results, you should consider including men in your campaign. At the same time, you did not identify the major causes of infection. Why, for instance, are other groups not affected? If the causes are related to socio-economic and cultural factors such as poverty and unemployment, then your goal would be to pressure service providers such as as Non-Governmental organizations and the government to address those issues. The age difference of your target group means that members could have different interests. Therefore, you should have specified different programs that appeals to each age group. The T. V and radio stations you chose appeals mostly to the youth; what about those aged over forty? Similarly, the presenters you have in mind are not appropriate for this particular campaign. You need role models who could be a good example to the audience. In this regard, it is useful to involve community members who know how to relate with your target group (Galea et al, 2002, 297). Therefore, look for somebody who has been involved before in community projects, and not music celebrities: this category of people may have negative influences due to their lifestyles. Your slogan will not achieve the desired behavioral changes. Texting and talking about HIV/Aids helps in networking: however, you need an approach that will change their lifestyles, such as through participation in education seminars. Your challenge, therefore, is to â€Å"market changes in behavior by using strategic communication† (Siegel and Doner, 2004, 42). How will you determine if you are achieving your goals? The Academy for Educational Development identifies evaluation as one aspect of determining whether stated goals are being realized (AED, 2010). Thus, you should identify the instruments you will use to assess whether your target group is responding positively to the program. Consider conducting a survey after three months to collect data about their sexual activities. Lastly, I think you should conduct a primary research yourself before taking action. The data you got from the surveillance report should act as secondary information to guide your own research. In fact, a primary research is necessary when planning to implement any project. Nevertheless, your overall plan identifies a marginalized group that requires help. However, to achieve the best results, have the best plan. Success. References Academy for Educational Development. (2007). Health Communication Partnership. Accessed May, 08, 2010 http://www. globalhealthcommunication. org/projects/health_communication_partnership Doner M. , Siegel L. (2004). Marketing public health: strategies to promote social change. New York: Jones Bartlett Learning’ Galea, S. , et al. (2002). Access to resources for substance users in Harlem, New York City: Service provider and client perspectives. Journal for Health Education and Behavior. New York: Society for Public Health Education

My Personal Support Group (Cheerleading) :: essays research papers

My Personal Support Group Honors I am often sorry that my parents did not take it upon themselves to enroll me in any recreational activities in my preadolescent years. I believe that sports are an integral part of growing up. They provide an opportunity to meet and interact with peers. Numerous occasions I can recall feeling excluded from the group because of my lack of involvement. Although I have to admit, I am not a tough girl. Most likely I would not excel in any contact sport.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cheerleading tryouts proved to be a revelation. I knew it was the activity for me. Although I was not confident in my coordination, I vowed that it would improve with practice. I had regularly admired those spirited girls, being that my sister had once traveled that path. I faithfully attended all high school games, not to watch the players, but the cheerleaders. I was convinced that this was my calling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The week of tryouts was non-stop practice. I lived, ate, and breathed cheerleading. My mother began to worry that I would not have the energy by the end of the week to try out. When te big day finally arrived I was a tight ball of nerves. I could hardly contain myself. I was brimming with 100 watts of nervous energy. The kind that gives one piercing pains throughout their body at the least expected moments. Waiting for the results my anxiety turned into burning tears. When my name was announced as a member of the squad I thought I would burst.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My freshman year of cheering was exceptional. I became fast friends with my entire squad. For the most part, we got along great. I imagine that we had more fun than the players, or fans. Faster than expected our season came to an end. It was time for tryouts once again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now that I knew the ropes, I was praying this tryout would be a breeze. I could not have been farther from the truth. I faithfully practiced every evening until the eagerly anticipated day. The same nervous energy overwhelmed my body as I walked onto the floor that afternoon. It seemed that within a second, the tryout was completed. Once again, I was forced to calmly wait for the crucial results. Finally the outcome was announced. â€Å"Varsity- Kristin Callaway, Jill Jackson, Katie Manley†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I had made the Varsity squad as a sophomore.

Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Samuel Rutherford

In 1642 England was starting to seek for changes in the way their government was set up. John Locke and Samuel Rutherford were the leaders of this change, calling for the removal of an absolute monarch. Their works would be opposed by the ideas of Thomas Hobbes, during this eighteen-year civil war in England. The ideas represented in this period would heavily influence the way England’s government would be set up in the eighteenth century. In 1644 Bishop Ross, also known as John Maxwell, published Sacro-Sancta Regum Majestas. The article’s ideas centered on Calvinist resistance theory and the political theory of Spanish neo-scholastics.In response Samuel Rutherford came out with his publication, Lex Rex, which translates to â€Å"Law is King†. This was the first document proposing rule by law and consisted of 44 questions. In Rutherford’s opinion, power was immediately from God in root. With that being his focus he concluded that not only should the king n ot be above the law but should also be subject to it. Lex Rex is the â€Å"Greatest work on the foundation, nature and constitutional government, the Civil Magistrate, and the separate but mutual relationship of Church and State† (Ford).The contents of Lex Rex develop the idea of a separation of powers between legislative, executive and judicial functions. They are to balance one another in no particular order to combine the best features of monarchic, aristocratic and democratic forms of government. He believes that the real sovereign is the people and that all government officials, including the monarch, should be subject to the rule of law and the rule of men as well. A monarch is contrary to God’s will because it requires subjects to surrender total control to a fallible ruler.The position of an absolute ruler is an intoxicating and corruptive force that would potentially lead to negative outcomes. The implementation of laws and government serving as a check upon t he ruler would be in the best interest of the people (Auchter). In his preferred government the King’s power would be lost when he violates the law because it is a right and even more a duty for the people to resist such an infraction. The ideas contributed in Lex Rex provided a bridge between early natural law philosophers and those who would further develop these ideas. The ublication planted the seeds to the type of government that would be laid not only in England but in America as well. Shortly into his reign as king, Charles II made it illegal to own a copy of the publication and had them all burned. There are only four confirmed copies left today. John Locke was a philosopher and political theorist from England. He is greatly known for his contributions to liberalism and empiricism. His faith relied in that of human reasoning and believed that just societies were those, which infringed minimally on natural rights and freedoms of its subjects.He claimed that a legitimat e government depended on the consent of those being governed. This philosophy was taken greatly into consideration when the founding fathers were drawing up the United States’ Declaration of Independence. Locke was known to preach private property and limited government. Locke’s association with Anthony Cooper (First Earl of Shaftesbury) led him to become successively a government official charged with collecting information about trade and colonies, economic writer, opposition political activist, and and finally a revolutionary whose cause ultimately triumphed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 (Uzgalis).Locke’s two major contributiong pieces of work are Two Treatises of Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding. In Two Treatises of Government, Locke claims that the sovereignty resides in the people and he explains that humans naturally lived in a state of absolute freedom and quality with no government of any sorts. The earliest form of humans only h ad to follow the law of Nature. During this time individuals allowed themselves to follow their own rights to life, liberty and property. It was soon realized that the contrary outweighed the productive.From this, a civil society was established based on absolute equality and set up a government to settle disputes that would arise in their type of society. The government’s power, however, was not made to be absolute. The power of the government was meant to be surrendered to the people themselves and its authority was contractual with applied conditions. If these conditions were overstepped or abused society has the right to rid of it and create another. With Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke offered the first great defense to empiricism.The publication has to do with determining the limits of human understanding in respect to a wide variety of topics. The main focuses, however, is sensation and reflection. With sensation our senses focus toward the world and subcon sciously receive information. Within reflection the focus is on our mind itself and how it passively receives ideas. This all originates back to our sense of perception. He felt as if our minds were a black tablet, tabula rasa, and that only when we, as infants, start to experience things do our senses to perceive the external world register in our minds.This focus reflected upon the goodness and perfectibility of humanity. His theory had radical implications that, if all humans were capable of reason, education may be able to spread to level of hierarchies of status, race or sex. Much of Locke’s other works had to do with opposition to authority, while his main focus was to use reason to search after truth rather than simply accept the opinion of authority or be subject to suspicion. Thomas Hobbes was the young contemporary of Jean Bodin, though he had contrasting views than him.He was in support of absolute monarchy as he heavily thought that a king was absolutely necessary to protect the subjects of his land. He, like Locke and Rutherford, wrote many great pieces during his life. The two that relate are Elements of Law Natural and Political and Leviathan, his most major piece. Hobbes’ Elements of Law Natural and Political was a direct product of the intellectual and political conflict going on during the seventeenth century.During the time it was written, Parliament was fighting for power against King Charles I. In this writing he claims that society could only function if it is submitted to the governance of an absolute sovereign. His work was accepted with hostility causing him to flee to Paris where he would use this work as the basis to Leviathan. After the execution of Charles I, Hobbes started writing Leviathan. It is composed into four books; â€Å"Of Man†, â€Å"Of Common-wealth†, â€Å"Of a Christian Common-wealth† and â€Å"Of the Kingdome of Darkness†.No differently than Elements of Law Natural and Politi cal, his work was received with hostility as it offended both Loyalists and Parliamentarians. Even the exiled Prince Charles, who Hobbes had tutored, refused to read the document after seeing how the general public reacted to it. The method in Leviathan is modeled after a geometric proof, founded up principles of; each step of argument makes conclusions based upon the previous step. Conclusions derived by Geometry are indisputable because each step itself is indisputable.In Leviathan he wanted to base his philosophy off of irrefutable evidence [, therefore, making it fact] (Sparknotes). Hobbes believed that any form of government capable of protecting its subjects’ lives and property might act as an all-powerful sovereign. The state exists to rule over individuals and is thus licensed to trample over both liberty and property if the government’s survival was at stake. The people must surrender their liberties to a sovereign ruler in exchange for his obligations to keep the peace since man naturally â€Å"behaves like a wolf†.Now, having traded away their liberties, subjects have no right to win them back and the sovereign could rule as he pleased, free to oppress his subjects in any way except to kill them. The sovereign’s main purpose would be to preserve the people of their rights. He felt that if the king could not protect his subjects they were to be free from obedience. While Locke and Rutherford’s ideas are centered toward a limited monarchy contrasts with Hobbes’ beliefs of an absolute monarchy is the way to go, there is one thing they all agree upon.None of them believes that the King should be in one hundred percent control. Rutherford suggests that the executive’s (the king’s) decision have to go through a system of checks and balances with a judicial and legislative branch before it can be made permanent. Locke did not believe in a king at all, but rather than total control of a government. He did, however, agrees that if the government were to overstep its boundaries the people could rid of it in order to create another.While Hobbes’ case is a stretch, due to his strong belief in an absolute sovereign, he believed that if a king could not protect his subjects they were to be free from his obedience. Shortly after these documents were presented King Charles I was beheaded. Cromwell became in control as a monarch until his death when his generals seized power, calling for election of a new parliament. Charles II was soon restored to the throne but did not take on absolute authority. He agreed to follow the Petition of Right, agreeing that Parliament would meet at least once every three years.England had thus emerged from this great civil war as a limited monarch which were the ideas suggested by Locke and Rutherford. The works of these three men had a great effect on England’s government. After King Charles I was executed, Hobbes came out with Leviathan plead ing for an absolute sovereign, which was immediately taken up by Oliver Cromwell. However, it was the words of John Locke and Samuel Rutherford that prevailed in setting up the limited monarchy that came after and still exists in England and also ended up being the bases to the ideas that the United States constitution was based on.

Evan 101 Study Guide 5

Exam 5 Study Guide All questions will be taken from the text Evangelism Is†¦ by Earley and Wheeler. †¢ Be able to identify the following verses as they are written in your textbook and have an understanding of Dr. Earley’s and Dr. Wheeler’s teachings on these verses: †¢ John 1:14 (ch. 22) †¢ Acts 1:8 (ch. 22) †¢ Proverbs 11:30 (ch. 23) †¢ John 13:35 (ch. 24) †¢ John 2:1–10 (ch. 25) †¢ Luke 19 (ch. 25) †¢ John 6:1–14 (ch. 25) †¢ Matthew 25:38–40 (ch. 27) Chapter 22 †¢ According to Dr. Earley, the United States has shifted from a Christian nation to a _________________________ nation. Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Jim Peterson defines our â€Å"secularized society† as ___________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Earley, the â€Å"peanut butter and jelly approach† to evangelism requires both proclamation and ______________. (Be able to fill in the b lank. ) †¢ Proclamation Evangelism is primarily for who? †¢ According to Dr. Earley, is evangelism an event? Chapter 23 †¢ According to Dr. Earley, you do not need to win lost people to _______________ (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr.Earley, if we are to be truly effective evangelists, we must love people like ________________ and see them like _______________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Earley, many people simply must feel like they ________ before they can __________. (Be able to fill in the blanks. ) †¢ According to Chapter 23, ___________ out of 10 unchurched adults would accept an invitation to church if invited. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Earley, what are the 3 victories you win with unbelievers and in what order do they occur? Chapter 24 Dr. Earley compares evangelism with lost people to building ____________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Whe eler, who cites Claude King and Carolyn Thompson’s work, all believers have _______ concentric circles of concern in evangelism. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Know the concentric circles of concern in evangelism in order. †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, evangelism is lived out through ________________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, what is the culmination of evangelism? Chapter 25 †¢ According to Dr.Wheeler, evangelism is hanging out ____________________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, Jesus exhibits the characteristics of â€Å"hanging out† evangelism in John 2:1-10 when he attended a ______________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Dr Wheeler encourages believers to be fully present by continuously looking for ________________________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Dr. Wheeler quotes this verse, â€Å"For if you remain completely silent at this time, relief and deliverance will arise for the Jews from another place, but you and your father’s house will perish.Yet who knows whether you have come to the kingdom for such a time as this? † as an example of divine opportunity. The person given this opportunity was _____________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) Chapter 26 †¢ Dr. Wheeler states that â€Å"incarnational living’ and following the Great Commission (Matthew 28:18–20) is more about ______________ than coming. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, incarnational living is an expression of our new ____________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Citing Steve Sjorgen in his book, Conspiracy of Kindness, Dr.Wheeler notes that the proper way to view and respond to lost people is to _____________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Incarnational living involves what? †¢ Dr. Wheeler quotes Albert L. Meiburg, who states that _______ is the trigger which activat es God's call to minister if we have the heart to hear and respond. † (Be able to fill in the blank. ) Chapter 27 †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, by putting ministry into action, evangelism becomes a natural _________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, evangelism is opening our eyes to ___________. (Be able to fill in the blank. Chapter 28 †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, evangelism is knowing the difference between _____________________. (Be able to fill in the blanks. ) †¢ Dr. Wheeler quotes Jerry Pipes concerning the art of listening. What are the levels of listening? †¢ What is One-up Listening? †¢ What is Barney Fife Listening? †¢ What is Dr. Phil Listening? †¢ What is I-Pod Listening? †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, what are effective strategies in listening? †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, true evangelism is expressed with the whole being, both ____________ and ______________. (Be able to fill in the blank s. Chapter 29 †¢ Dr. Wheeler cites John 11:35 when Jesus wept as an example of his empathy in action. Who was Jesus crying over? †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, is empathetic living relating to the physical pain of hurting people. †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, part of living an empathetic life is learning to live with your personal struggles and shortcomings or ____________. (Be able to fill in the blanks. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, what are examples of empathetic living? †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, 1 origin of the word empathy means ______________. (Be able to fill in the blank. )

Hacp implementation in hotel restaurant Essays

Hacp implementation in hotel restaurant Essays Hacp implementation in hotel restaurant Essay Hacp implementation in hotel restaurant Essay The HACCP execution in hotel eating house A instance survey based on the position of the organisation s civilization Part B Section 1 Introduction Reason for pick of this subject The writer has selected this subject because of his involvement in a future calling in nutrient and drink industry. Separate A has showed that he has good leading and squad edifice accomplishments to go a leader in this filed. He feels that it would be imperative to hold good apprehension of nutrient safety if he would wish to be a chef after graduated from the university. In Hong Kong, there are great proportion of people went out to hold their repast. Harmonizing to Hong Kong centre for wellness protection ( CHP, 2007 ) the figure of people eating out more than five times a hebdomad are 30.2 % for breakfast, 51.5 % for tiffin and 10.8 % for dinner severally. Having such civilization of eating out, nutrient safety should be considered as the first precedence in the cordial reception industry in Hong Kong, nevertheless, in recent old ages, nutrient toxic condition is continually increasing. Harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( WHO, 2007 ) , the planetary incidence of food-borne diseases is hard to gauge, but it has been reported that in 2005 entirely 1.8 million people died from diarrhoeal diseases. A great proportion of these instances can be attributed to taint of nutrient and imbibing H2O. In industrialised states, the per centum of the population enduring from food-borne diseases each twelvemonth has been reported to be up to 30 % . In add-on, contaminated nutrient could ensue from improper nutrient handling, readying, or nutrient storage. : Although HACCP is an internationally recognized nutrient safety direction system, there are great barriers to implement such system in the cordial reception industry Academic aims of undertaking This paper aims to accomplish the undermentioned aims: To derive apprehension of HACCP and its execution in Hospitality industry. To compare current academic literature on the nutrient safety issues. To place the barriers of implementing HACCP system in Hospitality industry. To place the ways to beef uping the nutrient safety civilization within the Hospitality organisation instead than concentrating on making a better safety system. Outline of subdivisions The literature reappraisal will be divided into four parts. The fist portion is about the debut of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System ( HACCP ) , including this definition and its execution. The 2nd portion is about the barriers of implementing HACCP system in Hospitality industry e.g. practical and psychological barriers. The 3rd portion is about the organisational civilization which included its definition and connexion between HACCP execution. The concluding portion is the ways to beef uping the nutrient safety civilization. It is because holding a positive nutrient safety civilization within the organisation is more dependable that purely follow the nutrient safety direction system such as HACCP. Literature Review Introduction Harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( WHO, 2007 ) Food-borne diseases or Food poisoning seem to hold been increasing globally in recent old ages. Food poisoning can be loosely defined as the unwellness caused by the ingestion of contaminated nutrient or H2O incorporating assorted bacteriums, viruses, parasites or even toxins of biochemical or chemical nature. The types of nutrients produced or served by a concern along with the direction of how they are prepared or produced are likely to lend to the hazard of a concern doing nutrient toxic condition. ( Griffith, 2010 ) Although, there are nutrient safety direction system such as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) , the execution of the HACCP system requires extra resources for staff preparation, investings on edifices and equipment, excess purchase of supplies, every bit good as proficient support furthermore, within a concern a figure of sub civilizations compete for precedence and frequently the biggest challenger to nutrient safety civilization is a civilization of salvaging money ( Griffithet Al. , 2010 ) . The thrust to cut costs at the disbursal of nutrient safety possibly false economic system and it should be noted that concerns identified as a beginning of nutrient poisoning eruptions can endure important harm to trade name individuality, fiscal losingss and perchance, in up to a 3rd of instances, bankruptcy ( Griffithet Al. , 2010 ) . What is HACCP? Harmonizing to a recent survey ( Taylor, 2008 ) The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) system is a science-based systematic attack which identifies critical control points in the production process that are indispensable to supervise and command merchandise safety. HACCP is a tool to measure jeopardies and set up control systems that focus on bar instead than trusting on end-product testing. The system can be applied throughout the nutrient concatenation from primary production to concluding ingestion, including primary manufacturers, nutrient makers, conveyance and storage operators to retail and nutrient service mercantile establishments. The execution of HACCP system is a mark for presenting safe nutrient merchandises to clients. HACCP is an internationally recognized system and is built on seven cardinal rules: Hazard Analysis: Potential biological, chemical and physical jeopardies must be evaluated for each ingredient and at each measure of the fabrication procedure. Identify Critical Control Points: Those points in the procedure where control can be applied to extinguish or cut down an identified jeopardy to an acceptable degree. Establish Critical Limits: Defined as the upper limit or minimal parametric quantity that must be met to extinguish or cut down the jeopardy to an acceptable bound. Establish Monitoring Requirements: Used to measure whether the critical bounds are met and to set up records for confirmation. Establish Corrective Actions: The actions taken to convey a CCP back under control and the stairss taken to forestall farther taint of the merchandise every bit good as the stairss taken to forestall the distribution of potentially contaminated merchandise. Establish Verification Procedures: Confirmation assures the program is efficaciously implemented and followed. Establish Record Keeping and Documentation Procedures: Includes record keeping of types of records kept such as the jeopardy analysis, the HACCP program, support certification and operational records. By concentrating review at CCPs, HACCP improves the scientific footing for safety and control processes. A CCP is any point in the concatenation of nutrient production from natural stuffs to complete merchandise where the loss of control could ensue in unacceptable nutrient safety hazard ( Pierson and Corlett, 1992 ) . Monitoring of CCPs is done best by utilizing indexs that can be measured easy. This focal point on mensurable indexs provides a more cost-efficient attack to command than merchandise sampling and testing, which is more expensive and may non supply seasonably consequences. This is particularly of import for foodborne microbic pathogens, because their incidence is low and the costs of proving are high. It is of import to recognize that HACCP is non designed to replace direction determinations weighing possible benefits from merchandise qualities against costs, or the value of improved safety versus the costs of accomplishing it. HAC CP facilitates improved merchandise safety, but direction has the discretion to find what the concluding merchandise quality will be. These issues enter into the house s deliberations in finding CCPs and tolerance bounds at CCPs. ( The economic ) HACCP was originally developed as a quality control tool in nutrient processing, where branded merchandise liability creates industry inducements for jeopardy control. It was intended to be flexible plenty to accommodate to different houses, workss, or procedures within workss. Its application as a regulative criterion to an full industry or sector, or at different phases in the supply concatenation, is needfully different. ( Unnevehr and Jensen 1999 ) , Why is HACCP of import? The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) is a nutrient safety direction system that is presently promoted internationally because it enables nutrient concern operators to command nutrient safety hazards at all points along the production line, instead than waiting for microbiological testing of the concluding merchandise ( Tuominenet Al. , 2003 ) . It regarded as the most effectual manner to accomplish nutrient safety is to concentrate on bar of possible jeopardies and to better the procedure ( Swanson and Anderson, 2000 ; ) The HACCP system besides relies to a great extent on confirmation and certification to guarantee that nutrient safety has non been compromised during any measure. HACCP hence provides a construction for measuring hazards. HACCP hence provides a construction for measuring hazards or whatever could travel incorrect and seting the necessity controls in topographic point to minimise such hazards. ( Stephaniemet Al.,2009 ) The advantage of HACCP based systems is that they can be designed to include all different types of nutrients, their natural stuffs ( whatever their beginning ) and associated jeopardies. ( Griffith, 2010 ) ( Semos and Kontogeorgos, 2007 ) denoted that the execution of the HACCP system to nutrient processing can ensue in benefits to industry, authorities and consumers, advancing, in this manner, a possible betterment of nutrient safety and bar of nutrient toxic condition. HACCP focal point on mensurable indexs provides a more cost-efficient attack to command than merchandise sampling and testing, which is more expensive and may non supply seasonably consequences. This is particularly of import for food-borne microbic pathogens, because their incidence is low and the costs of proving are high. Requirement of Implementing the HACCP system in cordial reception industry Before HACCP can be implemented, prerequisite plans ( PRPs ) such as good hygienic patterns, staff preparation, and documented criterion runing process should be good established. HACCP s effectivity relies on the cognition and accomplishments of both direction and staff. ( Taylor, 2008 ) , pointed out that the most of import factor driving the execution of HACCP is the employment of experient, technically qualified individuals. While flexibleness appropriate to the concern is of import, all seven rules must be applied in the HACCP system. This takes into history the nature and size of the operation, including the human and fiscal resources, substructure, processes, cognition, and practical restraints. The seven rules can be applied in concerns irrespective of size and the nature of the operations. ( Semos and Kontogeorgos, 2007 ) Execution of the HACCP system requires extra resources for staff preparation, investings on edifices and equipment, excess purchase of supplies, every bit good as proficient support moreover, directors or concerns should supply adequate and appropriate installations for nutrient animal trainers to be hygienic and this can act upon their sensed behavioural control. ( Griffith, 2000 ) The efficaciousness of the system relies to a great extent on the relevant HACCP cognition and accomplishments, direction committedness, and apprehension of HACCP along with alterations in attitude and organisational civilization all necessitating equal preparation to get the better of barriers related to human resources. ( Adams, 2000 ) Sing the consequences as a whole, staff preparation was the cost with the highest mean mark bespeaking that this cost during the development and execution of the HACCP system was the most of import cost. The 2nd most of import cost was the investings in new equipment. As has antecedently been mentioned, the bulk of the respondents have used an external adviser to develop and implement the HACCP system in their company. Therefore, it is non surprising that the cost of the external adviser is rated as the 3rd most of import cost. ( Semos and Kontogeorgos, 2007 ) The cost of a HACCP system for most industries depends non merely on the demands of the system, but besides on the betterment of the current position of nutrient safety-related patterns in the company. Sing the cost of HACCP systems, it is of import to take into history the house s long-run nest eggs derived by a possible lessening in remembering contaminated nutrient merchandises ( Taylor, 2001 ) . A nutrient animal trainers cognition of nutrient safety is critical they can non act hygienically if they do non cognize how to act and why. This has led to increased accent on preparation ; nevertheless, cognition of nutrient safety/hygiene does non ever interpret into execution of nutrient safety patterns. Training provides people with the cognition leting them to manage nutrient safety when they are motivated to be hygienic ( Griffith, 2010 ) . What are the barriers in implementing the HACCP system in cordial reception industry? Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) is an internationally recognized system of pull offing nutrient safety ( Codex, 2003 ) and its usage is advocated in the cordial reception industry. Griffith ( 2000 ) stated that one of the major jobs sing the effectual execution of HACCP is that employees in nutrient industry frequently lack involvement and they frequently have a negative attitude toward the nutrient safety programmes. Taylor and Taylor ( 2004 ) found that the chief barriers that hindered the effectual HACCP execution were due to HACCP being considered as hard, onerous and unneeded. They explained that the interplay of barriers at cognition, attitude and behavioural degrees could account for the jobs in effectual HACCP execution. The generated on the job definitions for the general barrier classs included: cognition as a organic structure of acquired facts ; attitude as mental reaction to knowledge ; and behaviour as the action taken as a consequence of cognition acquisition and attitude development. Subcategories of these general barriers included consciousness, acquaintance and comprehension for cognition while the subcategories for attitude major barrier comprised of understanding and committedness. Adoption and attachment were the subcategories for the last major barrier, behavior ( Barriers of HACCP squad members ) Furthermore, those barriers separated into two types which are practical and psychological. ( Taylor, 2008 ) stated that there is an overpowering scope of practical and psychological barriers to the HACCP execution in cordial reception industry ( Tayloret Al. , 2008 ) . The practical barriers in implementing the HACCP system in cordial reception industry ( haccp chef ) Although HACCP is an internationally recognized nutrient safety direction system, there are great barriers to implement such system in the cordial reception industry. Surveies have shown that the major jobs identified in the Hospitality industry were: deficiency of cognition, developing jobs, high staff turnover, big assortment of merchandises, fluctuation in possible demand and big Numberss of parttime workers ( Ward, 2001 ) Lack of appropriate installations has been cited as a barrier to execution of good hygiene ( Claytonet al. ,2002 ) . However even more extremely cited was deficiency of clip to be hygienic and this is likely to be even more of import in nutrient service or providing than in fabrication. The former work to order, with clients seeking prompt service, potentially confronting nutrient animal trainers whilst in fabrication concerns normally work to stock. Bettering a concern displacement forms and staff Numberss has helped to significantly better hygiene execution. Directors or concerns may state that this costs excessively much money and this attitude straight links to the concern organisational nutrient safety civilization. ( Griffith, 2010 ) Eves and Dervisi ( 2005 ) noted that when HACCP is non decently implemented it is due to time-related restraints and largely due to the big sum of certification required. Bas et Al. ( 2007 ) and Panisello and Quantick ( 2001 ) stated that the volume of the paperwork required is a factor that hinders the HACCP effectivity, while Taylor and Kane ( 2005 ) and Taylor ( 2001 ) refer to troubles or deficiency of proof and confirmation processs. Aggelogiannopoulos et Al. ( 2007 ) besides mentioned some other internal barriers in implementing the quality system such as the deficiency of fiscal resources, deficiency of forces, human resource restrictions ( deficient accomplishments or makings ) , clip limitations because of the short operating skyline of the concern, opposition of higher-level executives to alter and opposition of employees to alter. ( Taylor and Forte 2008 ) point out that The cordial reception industry is preponderantly made up of really little concerns with varied degrees of staff preparation and high staff turnover. With a few exclusions, staffs lack the competency to develop a nutrient safety direction system such as HACCP. Hospitality concerns do non use a nutrient engineer or microbiologist in kitchens, but craftsmen who are non technically qualified to place danger points or to utilize instruments such as thermocouples and digital thermometers. A skilled chef is far more capable of judging whether nutrient is adequately cooked utilizing more traditional methods, such as coloring material or texture alterations in nutrient. Second, unlike the fabrication industry, the mean cordial reception mercantile establishment offers an drawn-out merchandise scope ( bill of fare ) to the client. It would non be possible to bring forth a flow diagram for each merchandise offered as required by the international HACCP Guidelines ( Codex, 2003 ) . Furthermore, the mean cordial reception concern is extremely flexible and originative and there is a higher figure of merchandises offered, less usage of standard formulas and frequently ad hoc reworking of ingredients. Third, the first HACCP rule requires a elaborate, proficient jeopardy analysis ( Codex, 2003 ) . Not surprisingly, many caterers do non understand the proficient HACCP and microbiological slang and most frequently have no ability to place critical hazards in nutrient readying and cookery. Finally, as nutrient is produced from a varied and complex production design ( bill of fare ) and the clients require immediate ingestion, the production procedure differs well from that of fabrication concerns. The on the job gait is variable and volatile which is unsuitable for many types of monitoring and certification. Daily concern prognosiss are frequently unpredictable, ensuing in excessively small or excessively much preliminary nutrient readying, and necessitating flexibleness to pull off instead than stiff modus operandis. These differences create strong barriers to the execution of HACCP in the cordial reception industry, and they are really hard to get the better of. The graduated table of the challenge can be demonstrated by analyzing old efforts to develop HACCP counsel manuals for cordial reception concerns ( Taylor and Forte 2008 ) . The psychological barriers in implementing the HACCP system in cordial reception industry Beside the practical barriers, psychological factors are considered as the barriers to HACCP s successful execution in Hospitality industry. A survey ( Taylor, 2008 ) stated that the psychological barriers such as staff motive, attitude, and behavior to the execution. Calls have been made for more specific research on nutrient safety civilization with the construct and its importance, ill understood by all degrees in the nutrient industry, including in-between and top direction. ( Griffith et al 2010 ) If directors have a negative attitude about following proper nutrient safety and sanitation processs, it will be apparent to others by what they say and do. For illustration, if the director of a foodservice constitution does nt rinse his custodies before get downing work, how can he anticipate the employees to make so? Alternatively, if the director demonstrates a positive attitude toward nutrient safety through his words and action, the employees will more likely do the same. In companies with strong safety civilizations, a proper attitude toward nutrient safety is more caught than taught. ( Yiannas, 2008 ) Food safety is non merely a microbiological job but that it besides has a major behavioural constituent ( Griffith and Redmond, 2009 ) . It has been suggested that 97 % of eruptions traced to non-manufacturing nutrient concerns involved a nutrient animal trainer error/malpractice ( Howes et al. , 1996 ) . Although there was a documented HACCP system this was hapless and unequal, its content was non communicated to the employees and was non available for review by the environmental wellness officer. There was no stock rotary motion protocol, cleaning certification was hapless saying some points were to be cleaned daily yet the individual responsible for their cleansing was merely employed two yearss a hebdomad with cleansing of high hazard countries omitted. Many processs such as glass and pest control policies, considered indispensable to a meat processor of this sort, were non in topographic point. However it is possibly the nutrient safety civilization set by the owner/manager which gives rise to the greatest concerns. This was a civilization where returned spoiled meat was repacked and re-used and where salvaging money had precedency over all else. Staffs were asked to work when ailment and to follow the proprietor s illustration of traveling between high and low hazard countries w ithout a alteration of vesture or manus lavation. The proprietor falsified records, misled and lied to environmental wellness officers. ( Griffith, 2010 ) The connexion between Organizational civilization andthe HACCP execution All concerns possess a nutrient safety civilization this can be on a continuum from positive to negative. In a positive civilization, nutrient safety is an of import concern aim and there is conformity with documented systems. In a negative civilization, nutrient safety is non perceived of premier importance with frequently other concern precedences dominant ( GriffithetAl. , 2010 ) and there is hapless conformity with documented nutrient safety demands. The formation or being of both types of civilization may be managed or unmanaged. A negative civilization may be the consequence of deficiency of attempt or inappropriate leading and direction. In a negative civilization any efforts by persons to better safety may be uneffective ( Clayton and Griffith, 2008 ) . Failure to follow with quality and nutrient safety direction system demands can be both widespread and debatable. High executing organisations systematically demonstrate elevated degrees of safety civilization, whereas low executing organisations show a hapless safety civilization ( Killimett, 2006 ) . What is Organizational civilization? Organizational civilization is defined typically in footings of the manner people think, which has a direct influence on the ways in which they behave. Organizational civilization ( OC ) is the societal or normative gum that holds an organisation together. OC is an effectual instrument of staff motive taking to improved single and organisational public presentation. The leading of any type of organisation has a really of import unalienable duty in developing appropriate organisational civilizations to heighten public presentation and job-satisfaction of organisational members. If the leading does non set in sufficient attempts to develop a positive civilization and collar the inclinations towards negative civilizations, it could be a catastrophe for the organisation. ( Anonymous, 2006 ) In peculiar, organisational civilization provides employees a common frame of mention for alterations in an organisation. When organisations have different civilizations, people have different perceptual experiences and readings of organisational alterations, which affect employees embrace alterations. Therefore, organisational civilization is known to be of import for the success of undertakings affecting any organisational alterations ( Weiling and Kwok, 2008 ) A strong organisational civilization helps members develop a shared sense of who they are and provides clear values and beliefs to steer determination devising and the preparation of long-run schemes ( McGrath and Tobia 2008 ) . How organisational civilization overcome the barriers in HACCP execution in the cordial reception industry? The organisational civilization could lend to both success and barriers of implementing HACCP in the hotel. An organisational civilization will act upon how persons within the group think about nutrient safety, their attitudes toward nutrient safety, their willingness to openly discourse concerns and portion differing sentiments, and, in general, the accent that they place on nutrient safety. ( Griffithet Al, 2010b ) Individual nutrient animal trainer behaviour links straight to the concern civilization ( Clayton and Griffith, 2008, Griffithet Al. , 2010 ) and potentially how direction create and back up the nutrient safety civilization within a concern possibly the most of import factor in whether a concern is or is non responsible for nutrient toxic condition. Food poisoning An organisation needs to do certain that employees understand the nutrient safety public presentation outlooks of their occupation and that at all degrees they are held accountable for them. The word answerability by and large implies that there are cheques and balances being measured to do certain certain desired results are being achieved. And in organisations with strong nutrient safety civilizations, this is surely true. For illustration, an organisation might carry on day-to-day HACCP cheques and measurings, observe employee behaviors related to nutrient safety, and supply feedback and coaching ( both positive and negative ) based on the consequences. But in organisations with enlightened safety civilizations, they ve figured out a manner to exceed or travel beyond answerability. They ve figured out a manner to acquire employees to make the right things, non because they re being held accountable to them, but because the employees believe in and are committed to nutrient safety. It has been said that character is what you do when you re entirely and no 1 is watching. In organisations with enlightened nutrient safety civilizations, employees do the right thing non because the director or client is watching, but because they know it s right and they care. Organizations with strong safety civilizations know this. They take the sharing of information beyond simple nutrient safety preparation. They portion information frequently and pass on on a regular basis with their employees about nutrient safety utilizing a assortment of messages and mediums. They realize that what we see, what we hear, and what we read, if done efficaciously, can hold a enormous influence on us. If it did nt, advertizers would nt pass the 1000000s of dollars they do each twelvemonth seeking to make consumers. Like in commercial selling, organisations with strong nutrient safety civilizations portion information non merely to leave cognition, but to carry their employees to action. Having an appropriate positive nutrient safety organisational civilization is indispensable to keeping a successful trade name. Top direction demand to be cognizant of their ain function and duties in civilization formation and to fit their directors with the accomplishments to make and keep a positive nutrient safety civilization at all degrees but peculiarly at in-between direction /unit degree ( Griffith et al. , 2010 ) . Safety civilization appears to be definable and mensurable in practical footings within high-performing organisations that systematically show high degrees of trust, effectual communicating, direction credibleness and an overall value of safety ( Killimett, 2006 ) . A positive safety civilization is said to be in organisations that recognize the hazard for human mistake, but act to cut down such jeopardies by developing professional accomplishments that promote safe work patterns ( Nieva and Sorra, 2003 ) . Top direction in one state were under the feeling that conformity with systems was good, staff understood the demand to be hygienic and that nutrient safety was important to the concern. Unit of measurement directors held a different position which in bend differed in major ways from the positions of store floor staff who perceived the concern precedences to be rather different. Efficaciously this arranges employees into distinguishable organisational degrees that represent differing functions in implementing, keeping and supervising nutrient safety direction systems and criterions. ( Griffithet Al, 2010b ) Yiannas ( 2009 ) argues that nutrient safety can be better achieved by beef uping the nutrient safety civilization instead than concentrating on making a bigger or better safety system. Thus a nutrient safety civilization can be viewed as the shared attitudes, values and beliefs towards the nutrient safety behaviours that are routinely demonstrated in nutrient handling organisations. New employees will usually follow the dominant behaviours that appear stable throughout the organisation by merely larning from co-workers and leaders when they are recruited into the concern, going a shared duty by all group members. Yiannas ( 2009 ) states that organisations can take to make a strong nutrient safety civilization. He goes on to propose that leaders are accountable for inciting it because they have the power and influence to make a positive nutrient safety civilization and therefore hold the possible to cut down the planetary load of food-borne disease. He postulates that making a positive nutrient safety civilization can back up this procedure by really altering the ideas, behaviours and beliefs of persons within a group. Summary and Conclusion The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) system is a science-based systematic attack which identifies critical control points in the production process that are indispensable to supervise and command merchandise safety. The execution of HACCP system is a mark for presenting safe nutrient merchandises to clients. It regarded as the most effectual manner to accomplish nutrient safety is to concentrate on bar of possible jeopardies and to better the procedure. The advantage of HACCP based systems is that they can be designed to include all different types of nutrients, their natural stuffs ( whatever their beginning ) and associated jeopardies. The execution of the HACCP system to nutrient processing can ensue in benefits to industry, authorities and consumers, advancing, in this manner, a possible betterment of nutrient safety and bar of nutrient toxic condition. Factor Before HACCP can be implemented, prerequisite plans ( PRPs ) such as good hygienic patterns, staff preparation, and documented criterion runing process should be good established. Caterers are non qualified to place the many jeopardies now present in their operations and they can non be expected to bring forth their ain single HACCP programs. HACCP can go a utile direction tool, but, to win, it must be seen by chefs as utile and easy to use. It must be recognised as a means to avoid jobs as opposed to a defense mechanism mechanism in instance things go incorrectly. The many jeopardies involved in bring forthing nutr

How to Use Conjunctions As Far As, Since, and Even Though

How to Use Conjunctions As Far As, Since, and Even Though How to Use Conjunctions: As Far As, Since, and Even Though We use conjunctions (e.g., and or but) to build grammatical sentences, which in turn allows us to express ourselves clearly. Every conjunction has its own meaning though, so it’s a good idea to learn a few more! In this post, we take a closer look at three conjunctions that could help in your academic writing: â€Å"as far as,† â€Å"since† and â€Å"even though.† As Far As (To the Degree That) Used as a conjunction, â€Å"as far as† means â€Å"to the degree or extent that.† It therefore qualifies statements that apply only under certain conditions. The phrases like â€Å"as far as we know,† for instance, signals that something is based on incomplete information: The experiment poses no risk as far as we know. Here, â€Å"as far as† suggests the sentence is true to the best of our understanding. However, it leaves open the possibility that it is based on imperfect knowledge. Because â€Å"as far as† is a subordinating conjunction when used like this, it always joins a dependent clause (â€Å"as far as we know†) to an independent clause (â€Å"The experiment poses no risk†). Since (Time and Justification) Also a subordinating conjunction, â€Å"since† has two distinct uses. The first is to specify that something happened after a particular point in time: Since learning to dance, I’ve felt more graceful. In this case, â€Å"since† shows that the speaker started feeling this way only after learning to dance. The second meaning is to introduce a reason or justification for something (making it a synonym for â€Å"because†): Since we are interested in how people perceive retail experiences, we have adopted a qualitative research approach. Here, the word â€Å"since† joins a clause about the reason for picking a research approach to the main clause about the approach chosen. Even Though (Despite the Fact That) The term â€Å"even though† is used to introduce contrast in a sentence, like saying â€Å"despite the fact that†: Even though he was completely deaf from around 1820, Beethoven began work on his Ninth Symphony in 1822. The difference between â€Å"even though† and â€Å"though† is simply that â€Å"even though† is more emphatic. We therefore use â€Å"even though† when introducing a particularly surprising or unexpected contrast.

Web Content Mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Web Content Mining - Essay Example As the research stresses search methods along with their underlying methodologies and supporting implementations have presented us with a great variation in structure. While search engines adopt the least structured methods, portals and directories attempt to adopt a fully structured taxonomy based approach. Wikis have evolved as a semi-structured approach that gained popularity as an effective means of topic-based information retrieval. According to the paper findings web pages (the information resources or documents) can also be searched using more advanced methods that involve the use of Boolean expressions to involve inclusions and/or exclusions, as well as to indicate required terms to appear in results. Not all search engines accept identical means of advanced search. Typically, most users repeatedly try simple keywords until they get an interesting set of documents. No matter how sophisticated the search algorithms are, the searchers’ sifting through text within billions of indexed pages is a highly undeterministic process. There are also commercial factors involved in the relative ranking of pages. Many search engine optimization (SEO) firms now specialize in maintaining good rank in search results for their clients’ sites. It is no simple process for a site or a page to be submitted to search engine that it would be found. SEO has become a discipline that involves statistical, marketing, and fi nancial aspects.

Risk in building house Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk in building house - Research Paper Example This step will help in simplifying the complex process. This step is also very important and every potential risk must be made note of and it should be dealt with accordingly. There are several risks involved in building a house and one needs to be very cautious not to ignore any risks. This step will facilitate all the other steps and it will decrease the level of uncertainty. This step is one of the most important steps of all, the risks that have been made note of should be dealt with and the best way of dealing with these risks is to have backups or plan B. Plan B is very useful and it again brings down the level of risk. These steps are dependent and one cannot be completed without the support of the other, monitoring is another very important step and if this is not incorporated then the whole process may fail. Monitoring reduces the risks involved in building a house, after the process of planning is completed, it is essential to ensure that the steps decided must be incorporated and this is where monitoring and controlling comes into the picture. Maintaining a risk register is also important and all these steps should be followed when one decides to build a house in order to bring down the level of uncertainty involved in this complicated process. It is integral to divide this perplexing process into two namely Mitigation and contingency. When it comes to receiving the material for the house, it must be ensured that everything is received well before the deadline and a deadline of one week is set. As far as the mitigation is concerned, one must find another vendor should the primary vendor fail to provide the material required to build the house. The weather conditions is another aspect that requires great deal of attention, it must be checked beforehand and it must be made sure that the conditions are ideal for the workers to start the

Extension on lead acid accumulators or lithium rechargeable batteries Coursework

Extension on lead acid accumulators or lithium rechargeable batteries - Coursework Example Introduction Rechargeable batteries such as lead acid accumulators and lithium accumulators are applied in number of operations. For example, lead acid accumulators are mainly used to start engines such those of cars and motorcycles among others. They are also used to store solar energy in situations where solar panels are used as sources of energy. Regardless of the fact that they are widely used in the above mentioned operations, none of these lead acid accumulators has been incorporated with instruments (pre-installed meters) such as ammeters and voltmeters that show amount of power (amount of available current or voltage respectively) that is available (Benson 2006). This has forced users of these devices use external voltmeters or ammeters to measure amount of voltage or current that is available respectively. Also, during charging operations these accumulators are not able to show whether they are fully charged or not; this may lead to overcharging and consequently reduction in life of the accumulators (Benson 2006). It is, therefore, important that these accumulators be fitted with pre-installed meters (ammeters and voltmeters). ... This will be possible since the proposed product will be fitted with a screen or analogue indicator that is capable of showing amount of charge available in an accumulator and the level of charge while the accumulators are undergoing charging operations. This paper, therefore, has proposed extension on Rechargeable batteries such as lead acid accumulators and lithium accumulators. The extension is such that the newly produced lead acid accumulators and/or lithium accumulators are fitted with instruments capable of measuring levels of both available current and voltage. These instruments maybe ammeters or voltmeters (they may also be either digital or analogue provided the required information is displayed effectively). The proposed extension is expected to enable users know whether their accumulators are charging or not or whether they are full while being charged on or not. Analysis of the market Whenever any new product is to be released into the market for the customers, an extens ive and detailed market research should be carried out. It is normally carried out in order to make informed decisions regarding what the customers want, and how they would view the proposed modification (Cole& Kelly 2011). If a product is released into the market without necessarily carrying out proper market research, problems that would have been avoided may affect the market as well as sale of the product; thereby impacting negatively on the producers of the product (Anderson 2007). Therefore, carrying out market research is imperative when a new product or a modified product is to be released into the market. The data that may be collected during market analysis include: how the customers would perceive the modified product, the current market size of the current

Regulation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Regulation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Using Osteopathy as an example, describe and critically evaluate the ways in which the organisation and regulation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in the UK provides safeguards for users. The provision of CAMs in the UK is historically both a component of healthcare services and viewed with suspicion by the dominant medical model of healthcare which has characterised the NHS since its inception in 1948. The kinds of CAMs which are included under the aegis of NHS provision have been restricted, to, for example, homeopathy and osteopathy (Nicholls, in Lee-Treweek et al, ). Such provision is typically regulated and monitored in ways that a wide range of other therapies which come under the same umbrella are not. This essay explores the ways in which this organisation and regulation can provide service users with the same kinds of safeguards that other NHS services have always provided. This kind of regulation, such as that provided by the professional bodies of Nursing (the Nursing and Midwifery Council) and Medicine (The General Medical Council, is a valuable means of ensuring the highest quality of care provision by ensuring only properly trained practitioners are allo wed to practice, whilst at the same time holding practitioners accountable for their practice. Patient feedback and other studies has demonstrated that the provision of CAMs within NHS care provides valuable treatment and support for patients with complex medical conditions. This is a symptom what Heller et al (2005) describe as the ‘late modernity’ of healthcare in the preesent context, characterised by increasing diversification (which is often not recognised by the dominant medical authority of the NHS).Rigorous randomised controlled trials, the gold standard for the provision of evidence for medical care, have demonstrated that CAMs are effective, yet the Medical model of care still does not always allow for the value of such treatments, and they are treated as ‘fringe’ medicine. Because of this, and because of the general standards of regulation and surveillance of medical care, very few complementary therapies are provided as a matter of course within the NHS, despite some therapies, such as Homeopathy, having a history of regulation and care pr ovision going back to 1844 (Nicholls in in Lee-Treweek et al). The training of CAM practitioners has also changed, with a more rigorous training process which reflects professional education processes and principles, and some standardisation (though not national standardisation) of education and standards. However, one therapy which is provided in this context is osteopathy. The changing face of medicine has both served the inclusion of CAMs within the NHS and served to bring about regulation by aligning the training and provision of such therapies with the principles which have governed medicine and medical practice in the UK (Heller et al, 2005). The concept of health has also evolved (Cant, in in Lee-Treweek et al; Heller et al, 2005). This has led to the emergence of integrative medicine, in which CAM practitioners work in conjunction with multi-disciplinary healthcare teams which manage patient care in an holistic and comprehensive manner (Cant, in Lee-Treweek et al). Obviously, this is the ideal from the point of view of the service user, because the hitherto unchallenged medical model of health has been replaced by a growing understanding of the complex nature of health and illness and the similarly complex responses required from those charged with promoting health and treating illness, disease and injury (Cant, in Lee-Treweek et al). However, th is has had what some view as a negative effect on CAM provision. As Heller et al (2005) state, â€Å"the growth of ‘integrative medicine’ represents an undermining of counter-cultural values, as more holistic paradigms based on challenging orthodox biomedical or ‘scientific’ theories may become displaced proximity to the dominant biomedical systems† (P xiii). Another issue is that as CAMs become more prevalent within ‘normal’ medicine and health, medical and nursing staff who are asked to advise on these therapies may not have been able to maintain current knowledge of the evidence about these therapies (Heller et al, 2005). One of the potential benefits of this influence, however, is that of ensuring patient safety. Heller et al (2005) state clearly that patients must make informed choices about such therapies, and should be able to have the information to evaluate the safety of the practitioner and the therapy. This is evident in the ways in which most people access CAMs, through private practice, through seeking out treatment and evaluating which practitioners of which therapies to access (Heller et al, 2005). However, there is such a diversity amongst many practitioners of sources of training and regulation that for many therapists, having a certificate of membership of a ‘professional’ organisation is no guarantee of quality or of redress should the service user be dissatisfied with or harmed by the therapy provided. The author has anecdotal evidence of discussions with medical doctors who believe that CAMs practitioners are dangerous, poorly regulated, and represent a danger to the pub lic by preventing sick people accessing or utilising medical healthcare services. This is a rather limited view, but one which signifies certain areas of public opinion, which in turn reflects the ways in which many therapies have not been regulated, evaluated through rigorous testing, or been subject to the same kinds of quality control and surveillance as conventional medicine. Osteopathy, however, is regulated by Acts of Parliament in a similar fashion to medicine, nursing and allied healthcare professionals, and is described as one of the ‘big five’ of the CAMs, which have a better reputation and standing within conventional medicine (Heller et al, 2005). It is this regulation which is supposed to protect patient safety and safeguard the interests of service users, but it also serves other purposes. Stone (1996) argues that regulation is not merited by the majority of therapies and would be inappropriate for therapies which are too different from medicine. Regulation ensures that the profession itself has a better professional status, that all its practitioners are trained in a similar manner, and provides support, guidance and legal support to practitioners. This suggests an increased level of responsibility and accountability, because professional bodies maintain agreed and defined standards. Therefore, in terms of informed choice, any serv ice user can be assured that any practicing osteopath is subject to the same standard of training and the same regulation, and so should be ‘safe’ to access, much in the same way as medical care is accessed. Thus regulation may safeguard patient safety by being required to formally adhere to ethical principles. Heller et al (2005) describe the requirements of professional ethical practice as: â€Å"a duty to tell the truth; a duty to act honestly and fairly; a duty to respect people’s wishes, and not to treat people as a means to an end, but as individuals with rights; a duty not to harm people;†¦[and the right] not to be harmed [and] not to be lied to.† (p 85). While these may be considered general human rights they are augmented by principles which are generally agreed to underpin healthcare, including the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence (Heller et al, 2005). It could be argued that no therapy should be provided, therefore, which does not have proven benefits to the patient, and is proven to do no harm to the patient. Professional regulation may serve this purpose, because it professionalises the therapy and demands acceptable standards of evidence to demonstrate these features. But only therapies which can provide this standard of evidence would be regulated (Stone, 1996) which could have detrimental effects on the status and reputation of more esoteric therapies which cannot be subject to the kinds of evidence that underpins medicine. Voluntary regulation may be the answer: â€Å"Consumers will best be protected by a dynamic, ethics-led approach to voluntary self-regulation in which high standards of practice together with visible and effective disciplinary procedures are given higher prominence than the pursuit of professional status (Stone, 1996 p 1493). In conclusion, this author believes that regulation, either statutory or voluntary, holds practitioners accountable and serves the interest of consumers by demonstrating that those providing CAMs are at the least educated to some kind of agreed standard, and by offering consumers a means of redress should they be dissatisfied with their treatment. However, only statutory regulation would give proper redress, but in the current legal context, there is so much legislation protecting the interests and rights of consumers of goods and services that there is plenty of room for redress through other means. Only statutory regulation could offer assurances of safety, but this is not suitable for all therapies (Stone, 1996). References Heller, T., Lee-Treweek, G., Katz, J. et al (2005) (eds). Perspectives on complementary and alternative medicine. Milton Keynes: Open University Press/Routledge. Stone, J. (1996) Regulating complementary medicine: standards, not status. BMJ 312 1492-1493.